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Jain Temple, Lakkundi
The The Jain Temple, Lakkundi (or Jain Basadi) is located in the historically important temple town Lakkundi in the Gadag District of Karnataka state, India. Known as Lokkigundi in medieval times, the town was of considerable importance during the 11-12th century A.D. Western Chalukya rule. With the waning of their power, in 1191 A.D., the noted Hoysala empire king Veera Ballala II made this town an important garrison.〔Cousens (1926), p.77〕 The temple is protected as a monument of national importance by the Archaeological Survey of India.
==Temple plan==
According to art historian Adam hardy, the architectural style of the temple can be classified as "Later Chalukya style, main stream Lakkundi school of mid-11th century with late 11th century superstructure (''shikhara'')". The temple has single shrine (''ekakuta vimana'') connected to a closed hall via a vestibule (''sukanasi'' or ''ardhamantapa'') that is connected to an open hall (''mantapa''). According to art critic Percy Brown, these units are found commonly in all Western Chalukya temples. The building material is Soap stone, which according Percy Brown became their standard and gained popularity in later day Hoysala architecture as well.〔Hardy (1995), p. 335〕〔Brown in Kamath (2001), pp.115-117〕 According to art historians Henry Cousens and Om Prakash, the most conspicuous feature of the Western Chalukya temples is the decrease in the size of masonry and the resulting decrease in the overall height of the temples compared to those built by the Badami Chalukyas at Pattadakal. This was a result of a shift in the basic building material, from Sandstone to the more workable Soapstone (Chloritic Shist). In the coming decades, this transformation was to lead ''Vesara'' architecture toward increased ornamentation and articulation.〔〔Prakash(2005), p.178〕
Cousens categorizes the tower over the shrine as Dravidian (south Indian) but historian Kamath feels it is more ''Vesara'' because each tier are encrusted with motifs that make the tower more "curvilinear".〔Kamath (2001), p.117〕 According to Cousens, the overall structure with its well proportioned tiers and finial (''amalaka'', ''kalasha'') give the superstructure a "majestic" look. Above the cornice are circular niches, each of which holds the image of a Jain saint (Jaina) in relief, with a ''Kirtimukha'' decoration above. The walls of the shrine have pilasters, with the spaces between them containing, in relief, pavilions, and miniature decorative towers (aedicula) on slender half pilasters. Some miniature towers have niches below them. Overall, the decorative ornamentation is taken to a new level compared to earlier temples.〔Cousens (1926), p.78〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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